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Study · Injuries

Where Players Get Hurt

Elbow placements are up 129% since 2015, against 24% for shoulders. The elbow now leads every body part for pitchers, ahead of the shoulder.

Every injured list placement in MLB's transaction records comes with a short reason, such as "Right elbow sprain" or "Left hamstring strain." We grouped 9,738 placements from 2015 to 2026 by body part to see where players get hurt and how that has changed.

The elbow is the story. Elbow placements went from 68 in 2015 to 156 in 2026. Counting forearm strains, which are often the first sign of an elbow problem, the elbow and forearm made up 29% of pitcher placements in 2015 and 36% in 2026. Shoulder placements went from 96 to 119.

Hamstrings are the position players' version: 27 placements in 2015 and 61 in 2026. Hamstring stints are short, though, with a median of 24 days against 47 for elbows, and 49% of elbow placements from 2024 to 2026 ended the player's season.

2021 was an outlier, with 1,502 placements against a typical 780. Part of the jump came from placements with no stated reason (437 that year, against 37 in a typical season), consistent with COVID-19 protocol stints, which clubs didn't have to explain. Placements with a stated injury were also well above normal, after the 60-game 2020 season left players short of a full workload.

The Evidence

Injured list placements by body part

All clubs, per season. 2020 was a 60-game season.

0501001502002015201720192021202320252026SeasonElbow, 2015: 68Elbow, 2016: 75Elbow, 2017: 63Elbow, 2018: 84Elbow, 2019: 103Elbow, 2020: 66Elbow, 2021: 109Elbow, 2022: 109Elbow, 2023: 125Elbow, 2024: 123Elbow, 2025: 126Elbow, 2026: 156Shoulder, 2015: 96Shoulder, 2016: 95Shoulder, 2017: 99Shoulder, 2018: 119Shoulder, 2019: 108Shoulder, 2020: 66Shoulder, 2021: 184Shoulder, 2022: 139Shoulder, 2023: 142Shoulder, 2024: 145Shoulder, 2025: 139Shoulder, 2026: 119Hamstring, 2015: 27Hamstring, 2016: 53Hamstring, 2017: 60Hamstring, 2018: 68Hamstring, 2019: 48Hamstring, 2020: 29Hamstring, 2021: 108Hamstring, 2022: 55Hamstring, 2023: 74Hamstring, 2024: 51Hamstring, 2025: 59Hamstring, 2026: 61Oblique and core, 2015: 35Oblique and core, 2016: 42Oblique and core, 2017: 53Oblique and core, 2018: 57Oblique and core, 2019: 46Oblique and core, 2020: 27Oblique and core, 2021: 86Oblique and core, 2022: 59Oblique and core, 2023: 64Oblique and core, 2024: 51Oblique and core, 2025: 93Oblique and core, 2026: 61Elbow 156Shoulder 119Hamstring 61Oblique and core 61
SeasonElbowShoulderHamstringOblique and core
20261561196161
20251261395993
20241231455151
20231251427464
20221091395559
202110918410886
202066662927
20191031084846
2018841196857
201763996053
201675955342
201568962735
Source: Roster Memo analysis of MLB transactions

Where players got hurt, 2024 to 2026

Injured list placements by body part, all clubs.

ElbowElbow: 405 (367 pitchers; median stint 47 days)405ShoulderShoulder: 403 (338 pitchers; median stint 41 days)403Hand and wristHand and wrist: 228 (56 pitchers; median stint 25 days)228Oblique and coreOblique and core: 205 (63 pitchers; median stint 29 days)205Back and neckBack and neck: 192 (109 pitchers; median stint 21 days)192HamstringHamstring: 171 (45 pitchers; median stint 24 days)171Hip and groinHip and groin: 158 (79 pitchers; median stint 24 days)158ForearmForearm: 155 (128 pitchers; median stint 26 days)155KneeKnee: 141 (67 pitchers; median stint 27 days)141Foot and ankleFoot and ankle: 127 (39 pitchers; median stint 26 days)127Not disclosedNot disclosed: 121 (95 pitchers; median stint 38 days)121OtherOther: 93 (49 pitchers; median stint 31 days)93HeadHead: 53 (4 pitchers; median stint 9 days)53CalfCalf: 50 (16 pitchers; median stint 31 days)50Upper armUpper arm: 48 (41 pitchers; median stint 34 days)48IllnessIllness: 28 (20 pitchers; median stint 14 days)28
Body partPlacementsPitchersMedian days outSeason-ending
Elbow40591%4749%
Shoulder40384%4136%
Hand and wrist22825%2519%
Oblique and core20531%2913%
Back and neck19257%2118%
Hamstring17126%2410%
Hip and groin15850%2420%
Forearm15583%2637%
Knee14148%2726%
Foot and ankle12731%2624%
Not disclosed12179%3843%
Other9353%3122%
Head538%92%
Calf5032%3110%
Upper arm4885%3415%
Illness2871%1414%
Source: Roster Memo analysis of MLB transactions

How We Did It

  • Each placement's body part comes from the reason MLB gives in the transaction text, matched against a fixed list of terms. Forearm and flexor strains are kept separate from the elbow.
  • A stint runs from placement to the player's next activation before October. Placements with no activation by then count as season-ending.
  • Transfers between lists (the 10-day to the 60-day, for example) aren't new placements.

What This Can't Tell You

  • Reasons are the club's description, which can be vague, change after an exam, or be left out.
  • The minimum stint dropped from 15 days to 10 in 2017 (pitchers went back to 15 in 2019), which makes short injuries more likely to reach the list.

Sources: MLB transactions.

Next study: What the 2023 Rules Changed →